Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes Emit Hydrogen (H2) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A Part from the Book Chapter : Determination of Emitted Hydrogen (H2) from Bacterial Cultures in Closed Septum Vials by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Specific Hydrogen Sensor Techniques

Low-cost gas chromatograph GC-AK 11, Aug. Hedinger GmbH & Co KG, Germany. GC-columns: 0.8m x 6mm polyamide tube, packed with Silicagel 60/80mesh and 0.8m x 6mm polyamide tube, packed with Chromosorb 102, 60/80 mesh, room temperature, carrier gas ambient air. Headspace vials: 6ml crimp-capped from PerkinElmer and 10ml screw-thread from Restek, capped with PTFE-laminated butyl rubber septa. Culture medium:   CASO-Bouillon   tryptic soy broth acc EP+ USP 3080r-20p, Merck Life Science GmbH, Germany, vendor Mibius e.K., Düsseldorf Germany, composition: pancreatic digest of casein, 17g; papaic digest of soya bean meal, 3g; sodium chloride, 5g; dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.5g; glucose monohydrate. Garlic capsules with pulverized garlic, Hirundo Products, FL-9493 Mauren 500mg/capsule with 1mg Allicin, and Kwaiforte300, 300mg/tablet, MCM Klosterfrau Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH, Köln, Germany. Hydrogen sensor: Keyes MQ-8 Hydrogen gas sensor, Modul KS-046, fluxworkshop.

Facultative and obligate anaerobes emit hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by fermentation.

The samples are placed into screw capped headspace vials. The 6ml vials already contain 2.5ml of sterile nutrient medium. After the incubation time, a 0.5ml aliquot of the headspace gas is withdrawn by a gas tight syringe by piercing the septum of the vial and is injected into the gas chromatograph and also flushed against the H2-Sensor and a red light indicates the presence of H2 but in addition to this optical response, the electrical signal can also be traced by measuring the voltage output (V) and can then be used for quantitative evaluation.

Author(s) Details:

Bruno Kolb
Student Research Centre, Überlingen, Obertorstrasse, Germany.

Also See : SPCSV is Transmitted by the Whitefly Especially Bemisia Tabaci: A Part from The Book Chapter: Management of Sweet Potato Virus Disease Using Prophylactic Measure Strategy

Recent Global Research Developments in Hydrogen Emission Analysis from Bacterial Cultures via Gas Chromatography and Hydrogen Sensors

Towards Industrial Biological Hydrogen Production: This review discusses the potential of biological hydrogen production using microorganisms. It highlights the need for improving hydrogen production efficiency, optimizing microbial consortia, and reducing costs. The review also covers bioreactor modes, configurations, and techno-economic assessments [1] .

Proof of Bacteria and Antibiotic Activity by Headspace Gas Chromatography: This study developed a technique to monitor hydrogen and carbon dioxide emissions from bacterial cultures using headspace gas chromatography. It also investigates the efficacy of chemical and natural antibiotics by observing changes in gas emissions[2] .

Climate Consequences of Hydrogen Emissions: This article explores the environmental impact of hydrogen emissions, including its removal by soils and oxidation in the atmosphere. It provides insights into the atmospheric lifetime of hydrogen and its broader climate implications[3] .

Advances in Engineering Bacteria for Enhanced CO2 Utilization: Although focused on CO2, this review includes relevant advancements in bacterial engineering that could be applied to hydrogen production and emission analysis. It discusses genetic modifications and bioprocess optimizations to enhance gas utilization[4] .

Biohydrogen Production Technologies: This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of past, present, and future perspectives on biohydrogen production technologies. It covers various methods, including fermentation and photobioreactors, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in scaling up these technologies[1] .

References

1. Teke, G. M., Anye Cho, B., Bosman, C. E., Mapholi, Z., Zhang, D., & Pott, R. W. M. (2024). Towards industrial biological hydrogen production: a review. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40(1), 37.
2. Kolb, B.K., Riesterer, L., Bier, L. et al. Proof of bacteria and the activity of chemical and natural antibiotics by headspace gas chromatography. J Anal Sci Technol 10, 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-019-0167-3
3. Ocko, I. B., & Hamburg, S. P. (2022). Climate consequences of hydrogen emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 22(14), 9349-9368.
4. Onyeaka, H., Ekwebelem, O.C. A review of recent advances in engineering bacteria for enhanced CO2 capture and utilization. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 4635–4648 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04303-8

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