The complex integration and synchronisation of numerous bodily systems necessary for maintaining balance are vestibular, visual, auditory, motor, and higher level premotor systems. The central nervous system (CNS) interprets sensory information, and the postural muscle synergies are then engaged to carry out the necessary head, eye, trunk, and limb motions to maintain posture.
The brainstem and cerebellum process afferent information before initiating motor signals to maintain balance. Continuous afferent and efferent control methods within the sensorimotor system stabilize postural balance with feedback from somatosensory, vestibular, and visual inputs. The fundamental time of automatically induced balance corrections are assumed to be determined by a convergence of trunk and upper-leg proprioceptive input, which is then selectively weighted by vestibular modulation in muscles that resist falling.
Author(s) Details:
Dhwani Chanpura,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Naongmuong A. Chang,
College of Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Vadodara, Gujarat, India.